Gmo Case - 1429 Words

Gmo: the Value Versus Growth Dilemma GMO: The Value Versus Growth Dilemma | 1. What is value investing? What is its rationale? What are GMO’s main arguments in favor of value investing? Value investing is a way of investing in company stocks that are considered either undervalued or out-of-favor by the market. In other word, a value investment is one where the intrinsic value of the stock is not accurately reflected in the current market valuation. The underlying reason of too much decreasing in the stock price is that the company may be losing market shares or even in trouble due to market’s panic attributed to negative rumors as well as having management problems. Since the market price has dramatically descended, the book to market†¦show more content†¦As a result, he will increase his retention rate, retain revenue, and also provide an opportunity for new investors to invest in the â€Å"trendy† growth stock fund. In addition, if GMO invest in growth stocks, it will increase the diversification of the overall portfolios; which is that when value stocks are doing well, it will help offset the growth stocks that are performing poorly and vic e versa. Most importantly, GMO must provide adequate knowledge of growth stocks investing to its clients before allowing them to invest in them. This will prevent future problems, such as clients complaining about major losses if growth stock crashes one day. 4. Why wouldn’t GMO include Cisco Systems, an otherwise excellent company, in its portfolio at this time? Why is it willing to consider CVS or R.R Donnelley? What are the long-term expected returns for those stocks? Support your answers by examining P/E ratios, price-earnings growth (PEG), and other metrics that may be relevant to the decision. According to the calculations below in Table 1, we analyze each company with the Book-Market (B/M) ratio, Price-Earnings ratio (P/E), Earning per Share (EPS) growth rate and a projected EPS for year 2003 and 2005 using the LT EPS growth rate. Table 1: Ratio Analysis – Cisco, CVS, R.R., Manor, SP 500 Stock(year 2000E) | B/M ratios | P/E ratios | EPS | LT EPS Growth Rate | 2003 LT EPS | 2005 LT EPS | Cisco (CSCO) | 5.01132.06=0.038 | 132.061.17=112.87 | 1.17 | 30% |Show MoreRelatedGmo Case Study990 Words   |  4 PagesCategories of GMOs (genetically modified organisms), such as plants, food, drugs, biological products, pesticides, microorganisms are regulated by a variety of US agencies, which include the US Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the Food and Drug Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency. These agencies operate based on regulations set by the Plant Protection Act, the Federal Food, Drug, the Cosmetic Act, Public Health Service Act, the Federal InsecticideRead MoreGmos Case Study1373 Words   |  6 Pagesof GMOs Different countries have different ways of managing GMOs. Some countries don’t have managed GMOs. The countries that have laws about GM Food focus on the risk evaluation for consumers. Usually, those countries also manage GMOs, environment issue, and trade (WHO, 2014). Today, the management of GMOs label is divided into four kinds: ï‚Ÿ Voluntary labeling. Such as the U.S., Canada, Argentina, etc.. ï‚Ÿ Quantitative, comprehensive, and mandatory labeling, that is, all production with GMOs contentRead MoreAre Gmos Good Or Bad Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagescereal contains GMOs. However, these concerned consumers are rarely, if ever, well informed about what precisely a GMO is and what that entails, as well as where the scientific controversy regarding them lies. GMOs are not inherently harmful to humans and instead warrant an individual case by case evaluation. To understand why this is, it is important to know what GMOs are and why we have them, why the process of creating a GMO doesn’t make them harmful, where the confusion surrounding GMOs comes fromRead MoreGuidelines For Gmo Labeling Policy1518 Words   |  7 PagesAdministration that GMOs do not need to be labeled, despite the consumers’ desire for GMO labeling. Consumers’ demanding to know what is in their food has lead to the proposed legislation of GMO labeling from more than twenty states. Hea lth safety is a large part of the proponents’ argument for GMO labeling (Murray 2016). The consumers right to know, right to choose, and ethical rights are also all reasons for GMO labeling policy. The oppositions’ arguments against mandatory GMO labeling are that itRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Gmos980 Words   |  4 Pagesmodified organisms, GMOs for short, is a plant or animal that is created through gene slicing techniques of biotechnology which mean merging different DNA from different species to make the plant and animal stronger and faster at growing them. It introduces to the public that GMOs crop are answer to keep up the food production rate to feed the growing global population by the Monsanto Companies which is one of the company that introduce the GMOs crops. GMOs Company suggests that GMOs crops are the herbicideRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops : A New Breakthrough Of The Agricultural Industry1636 Words   |  7 Pagescrops: a new breakth rough in the agricultural industry. GMOs (Genetically modified organisms) have resistance to new aggressive sources of weeds, pests, and other diseases in order to thrive even in harsh environments. They also have larger crop yields, crucial to feeding a growing population. Some even assert that they contain more nutrition value and taste better than traditional crops. Despite all of this, perhaps the most crucial benefit of GMOs is the fact that they can be resistant to the effectsRead MoreThe World Is Witnessing A Food Revolution1216 Words   |  5 Pagesproducing food has evolved from hunting and gathering to conventional farming, to now using genetic engineering to produce GMOs, otherwise known as Genetically Modified Organisms. Genetically modified foods are a topic of controversy among many in the United States and around the world today. Debates arise regarding the use of GMOs and the safety of them, but what exactly is a GMO? GMOs are crops whose genes have been artifici ally manipulated in a lab, this can be done by removing genes from anotherRead MoreShould Labeling be Required for GMOs? Essays1218 Words   |  5 PagesShould Labeling be Required for GMOs? The debate over genetically modified foods continues to haunt producers and consumers alike. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are foods that have been modified through bioengineering to possess certain characteristics. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or increased nutritional content (Whitman, 2000). The debate continues to grow as to whether these genetically altered foodstuffsRead MoreBiotechnology: Genetically Modified Organisms1848 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider GMOs, or â€Å"genetically modified organisms,† as with that standard let alone know what the are. [1]A GMO refers to plants or animal that have been created through gene splicing techniques of biotechnology. With this technology at our disposal, humanity has made significant progress in splicing, as well as coming up with ways to deviate some diseases and safer ways to test these possibilities and theories. This was then complemen ted by the growing need for GMOs across the world, yet GMOs did notRead MoreEthics Of Genetically Modified Organisms816 Words   |  4 PagesIn the last thirty years, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been used for in the production of medicine and food and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other products (Junod, 2009). A GMO is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, including mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes (Nelson, 2010). GMOS and GM technology have become a topic of great concern among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, and

Different Types of Love Essay - 943 Words

â€Å"Love does not begin and end the way we seem to think it does. Love is a battle, love is a war; love is a growing up.† –James A. Baldwin. The author, Baldwin talks about the fact that we assume love starts once you meet that person and it ends when you die, but love is everlasting and is a part of you from the very beginning. In his quote he also says that we will face different types of love, while growing up. Films are made about it, books, songs, and poems are written. Artists draw, paint and sculpt from inspiration of it and people spend their entire lives waiting for it. In dictionaries love is defined as a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection but it is more than just a deep connection. Its more than deep connections†¦show more content†¦This is why mother sends out more of a warm fuzzy feeling than the father. Family love is the type of love that every human being encounters throughout his or her lifetime. It’s the very first and less painful type of love. Parental love isn’t the only part of family love. Sibling love is a big part to. Sibling rivalry starts when the second child is born and the 1st child starts to feel alienated and abandoned. Even though siblings are like archenemies, they have the most caring love. Since they are closer through blood, they have the ability to protect each other and fight for each other. Another main type of love is the love that is felt towards friends. This love is felt less when younger because when you are younger you are accompanied more by parental love and attention. But when grown older, parents become busier that the kid will start creating their own bonds and connections with other children their age. This would start a friendship. After people make new friends they start to become more dependent and more trusting until they feel like they are one person with their friend. Having common interests, similar history, common values, and equality draws peop le to be together as friends. Psychologically when one friend feels pain the other friend feels it because of the bond created between them. In their mind they have automatically â€Å"connected† themselves with that person. But friendship is the hardest to find because you’re notShow MoreRelatedDifferent Types of Love in Romeo and Juliet1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe theme of love is predominant throughout the entirety of ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Many forms of love are incorporated throughout the play and displayed through the relationships of different characters. Romantic love between Romeo and Juliet is contrasted by a sensual perception of love in the play, while themes of familial love and friendship are discussed with regards to the superficial and unrequited love Romeo experienced with Rosaline. The theme of superficial love is firstly discussed throughRead MoreDifferent Types of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream1508 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent Types of Love in Midsummer Night’s Dream Love and lovers, both can be described as many different things. William Shakespeare shows us this in his play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In this play we see all types of love, from passionate love to foolish love. Along with this we also see different types of lovers and pairs. Examples of these lovers come from pairs like, Hermia and Lysander, Demetrius and Helena, Titana and Bottom, and Oberon and Titana. It seems that in A Midsummer Night’sRead More Different Types of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay1271 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Types of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a comedy, written in 1595 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. This was when the society was dominated by men. During the period, England was ruled by a powerful and well respected queen. One of the many themes of the play is that of love. Many different types of love are depicted in the book. There is: Parental Love (Egeus and Hermia, Titania and Little IndianRead MoreDifferent Types of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet707 Words   |  3 PagesDifferent Types of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet In Romeo and Juliet, love is an integral theme and there is many representations of love; family love, courtly love, sexual love, and most importantly; the love between Romeo and Juliet. By comparing their love to others, we can see just how committed the star-crossed lovers are. We first see examples of sexual love when Sampson and Gregory are talking at the very beginning of the play. They are coarseRead MoreExplore the Different Types of Love Shown in Wuthering Heights1205 Words   |  5 PagesExplore the different types of love shown in Wuthering Heights Pages 70 -75 The love shown in Wuthering Heights on pages 70-75 is not only those of morality love, but also love that aches, and both types are each, for a different man. The simpler of the two is that of which Catherine feels for Edgar. Having chosen to marry Edgar, through no other reason than it is moral option; Catherine feels no true love towards him. When conversing with Nelly, and questioned on just what it is that CatherineRead MoreDifferent Types of Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night2156 Words   |  9 PagesDifferent Types of Love in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night In this play, Twelfth Night, there are various kinds of love presented but they can be categorized as true love and infatuation. There is also another kind of love portrayed in this play which is friendship. Self-love is surely one other factor in this play. Well, what is the definition of love? True love to be exact. True love is basically based on inner qualities and actions. It is genuine and sincere. ItRead More Comparing Different Types of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1520 Words   |  7 PagesComparing Different Types of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet The three different examples of love between Romeo and Juliet, Romeo and Rosaline and Paris and Juliet do share some similar aspects, but they also have their own differences. These three different types of love show us the variations of love and how it can mask itself into different forms. Romeos love for Rosaline. He was portrayed as a Petrarchan lover and his love was simply an infatuationRead MoreThe Different Types of Love Presented in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe Different Types of Love Presented in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare has written many plays, especially a lot of tragedies. The most famous of all Shakespeares plays is Romeo and Juliet, enjoyed by different generations down the years. The majority of the play takes place in the attractive small city of Verona, in the north of Italy. The play has been adapted in books, ballet and films. Romeo and Juliet is a play about a young man and a young womanRead More The Different Types of Love Expressed by Pre-1914 Poets Essay examples850 Words   |  4 PagesThe Different Types of Love Expressed by Pre-1914 Poets These 3 poems are completely different to each other. Porphyria’s Lover is obsessive and violent love, How Do I Love Thee? Is more of an undying love and the poem Remember is more like truthful love. In this essay I’ll take each poem and in a sentence or two explain the type of love that each poem demonstrates. I’ll also use quotations to show each of my poems shows a different type of love. The poem Porphyria’s Lover portrays theRead MoreExploring Different Types of Love in Three Poems: A Woman to Her Lover, When We Two Parted and First Love1727 Words   |  7 PagesExploring Different Types of Love in Three Poems: A Woman to Her Lover, When We Two Parted and First Love There is a wide variety of the types of love with different aspects to the effects and meaning of love. This makes it harder to define them. There is your first love, which is the first person who have fell in love with properly, you can be any age, young or old, you r past relationships have been flings or you may just thought you found the right one and hadnt. There

Factors in Successful Leadership for Design - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFactors in Successful Leadership for Design. Answer: In the world of business, leadership is an important aspect because it fosters success and achievement of organizational expansion. The development of the leadership and technical skills of most managers are achieved through the project marketing, design, and management (Biswas, 2013 p.145). Some individuals may materialize as leaders when there is none who exists or colleagues identify and trust their natural leading abilities in certain situations greater than a leader who is selected in a formal process. Some other individuals may get skills of leadership through coaching, education, experience and mentoring. As such, having knowledge about the characteristics of a superb leader helps one develop the same skills and ultimately help in the organizational cultivation of leaders. Therefore, successful leadership calls for thinking that is strategic, a style that is collaborative, professional standards, excellent skills of communication among others (Biswas, 2013 p.145). The achievement of success in leadership calls for a combination of vision and management skills. A good leader stays focused and understands the direction that his/her organization is headed and has a commitment towards the firms success in the long run, as well as every party that is involved in that success (Hwang and Chung, 2016). Therefore, not only does this leader focus on the organization, but also the success of the partakers in it. Additionally, such a leader will align his/her activities to a vision and mission that are defined in a transparent manner and makes decisions that are strategic as appertains evidence-based practices and sound data. Additionally, good leadership is demonstrated through an understanding of the demographics and culture of a firm and the influences from the external environment (Hwang and Chung, 2016). Such influences include politics, legislation, economics, the community, and markets. A good leader also comprehends the potential effects of the internal and external environments to the business. This quality can be summed up as strategic thinking (Hwang and Chung, 2016). Leadership success demands the utilization of speaking, writing and listening skills with keeping open communication, genuine and honest at all organizational levels. The leader communicates the vision, mission, and values and frequently shares information in a clear, open, confident and passionate style. The message of a leader should hold concentrated components of honesty and integrity. Furthermore, they should always portray an attitude full of integrity and respect all people (Hwang and Chung, 2016). It is imperative, again, for such a leader to instill trust in his/her subjects and followers through the leadership abilities and having the interests of the individuals in mind and at heart. In a bid to achieve success in leadership, one needs to inspire the teamwork spirit and foster communication and collaboration in the places of work. Diversity is a strength that many regard as a weakness, however, a good leader should communicate its importance to the others (Schwartz, 2015 p .10). Communication of outcomes that are shared and innovation should be at the heart of serious leadership. Therefore, communication is vital as a tool to realize success in leadership. Ethical behavior, cooperation, commitment to everyones success and holding diversity in high regard are the basis for establishing and maintaining relationships that are strong. This is a factor that an effective leader should hold on to. Furthermore, he/she should use and develop partnerships and networks to enhance the goals of an organization. Likewise, a good leader relies on relationships in the management of change and conflict. The facilitation of collaboration and teamwork should be achieved through an effort that is shared. So should be problem-solving and decision making. As such, the style of leadership should always be collaborative (Schwartz, 2015 p.16). At every level of an organization, a good leader upholds and models practices and ethical standards of business (Oracle, 2014 p.54). Furthermore, a clear communication of the expectations is achieved through procedures and policies that uphold behaviors that are ethical. Additionally, one needs to be supportive and creative of a progressive growth within himself/herself and other individuals. Such a leader should also encourage a continuous improvement of the organizational processes and procedures (Schwartz, 2015 p.5). Importantly, the achievement of leadership success calls for valiance in risk taking, making decisions that are difficult, and acknowledging accountability for oneself and the subjects (Oracle, 2014 p.55). In conclusion, factors that ensure leadership success are diverse, but prioritization is the bone of contention. Collaboration in most of the activities, upholding standards of professionalism, excellent skills of communication and being a strategic thinker are just but a few. Therefore, there is need to encourage good leadership and the achievement of success in business. Works Cited Biswas, S. 2013. The influence of transformational leadership on organisational citizenship behaviour when mediated by job involvement and organisational commitment: evidence from India.International Journal of Management Development, 1(2), p.145. Hwang, J. and Chung, J. 2016. The Roles of Business Ethics in Conflict Management in Small Retailer-Supplier Business Relationships.Journal of Small Business Management. Oracle 2014. Seven practices for effective leadership development.Leader to Leader, 1998(8), pp.54-55. Schwartz, A. 2015. Inspiring and Equipping Students to Be Ethical Leaders.New Directions for Student Leadership, 2015(146), pp.5-16.

Flower shop free essay sample

For a single small store with direct sales to buyers/end users, going through the exercise of deciding on appropriate distribution and sales force choices may yield new sales and volume gains. For example, Teddy Bears Flower Shop research finds that most of its customers are located within a radius of a half to one mile of the flower shop. Further, many customers of Teddys and other shops are dissatisfied with the difficulty of buying flowers. Florist shops are not always located within a conveniently accessible radius of work or home. Flower gifts are very personal, and shoppers like to see the arrangements and attach a personal card to the gift, if possible. Flowers are sold locally by other independent flower shops and other outlets such as grocery stores, plant nurseries, the airport, train and bus terminals. Teddy decided that his local direct competitors included independent flower shops, the airport, and commuter train stations. We will write a custom essay sample on Flower shop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His marketing strategy was to sell primarily to business people, not homemakers. He estimated the total market was over $1,000,000 per year, based on obtaining information on wholesaler shipments into the local warehouses. He also obtained estimates of volume done by his various competitors from delivery personnel that came to his shop. Teddy continued to research the possibility of another way to gain sales from local area businesses within a mile of his shop. He began making notes from his discussions with customers about frequency of purchase and what kind of gift they wanted to buy for what kind of occasions. He asked about gift price ranges, and how much they were willing to spend. He asked them about their degree of satisfaction for the flowers/plants they bought for gifts. Teddy already sold teddy bears in the shop, and considered what other types of merchandise and gifts he could sell. He considered opening a second and third shop in the airport and train station and purchasing an adjacent neighborhood store. However, these were very expensive and risky alternatives for Teddy. He did not have the financial resources to tackle new store locations at this time. He finally decided on telemarketing and marketing by fax to local businesses with an expansion of gift assortments, based on his market research surveys. He estimated a budget of $1,000 per month was required to cover his total marketing area for potential business lead lists, extra operators, and fax broadcast services. This extra expense required $3,000 per month in extra sales to break even (materials and overhead = 67 percent). However, Teddy decided he could afford only $300 per month in risk capital for the first year. Teddy decided to try out the idea over a years time to see if enough extra business could be generated in part of the industrial neighborhood nearby. He considered charging a nominal fee of $1-2 per order for the extra service in calls and faxes to help defray costs. Teddys mission was to offer the highest value and most creative solutions to gift giving to his industrial customers. Working in cooperation with local wine merchants, cheese vendors, and other retailers, Teddy could envision a gift basket business whose product would always include a fresh plant or flowers packaged with wine and/or cheese. These combinations would add variety and value and could command a premium price. Teddy paid his two high-school age children to pass out flyers and make sales calls to local businesses after school three days a week, with businesses being able to order by fax or phone. Eventually, he planned to hire a part-time sales rep on commission if business growth warranted it.

Discrimination is unavoidable and takes on many forms Essay Example

Discrimination is unavoidable and takes on many forms Essay The problem with society today and in the past is that we cannot accept that we are all different. Every day ,every hour, minute and second people are being abused through discrimination. Discrimination means, the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex (source- Google dictionary). People who look or act differently are often the subject of segregation and their crestless are the ones that are led by Ignorance and stupidly. Inequality is unavoidable and takes on many forms such as: Religion, sex and race which are the main targets of discrimination. Sexism is unfair treatment based on a persons sex or gender. Sexism is a popular point for segregation. Mostly because women are the ones being criticized since the early ages and till now and It Is very rare for a man to be subject of discrimination. It has been said that women are far more Inferior then men. The mall points that men use for an excuse as to why women are inferior are: theyre weak, not strong, they bleed between their legs, are small and they have to go through childbirth. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination is unavoidable and takes on many forms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination is unavoidable and takes on many forms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination is unavoidable and takes on many forms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Around me I saw women overworked and underpaid, doing mens work at half mens wages, not because their work was inferior, but because they were women. ?Anna Howard Shaw This quote is an example that in-between the 1 8th and 19th century women were treated unfairly and were paid less than a mans wage, Just because they were women. Men believed back In those days that women shouldnt get paid the same amount as they get. Scout, Im telling you for the last time, shut your trap or go home ?l declare to the Lord youre getting more like a girl every day! With that, I had no option but to join them. (source- To Kill a Mockingbird (ATTACK)by Harper Lee) This is an example from the book ATTACK where Gem says to Scout that she is acting like a girl because she keeps on whining that they should go back home. To not go to the Raddled place to try get a sneak on Boo. This goes to show that sexism Is unavoidable and Is used In everyday life. Religious discrimination involves treating a person (an a pplicant or employee) unfavorable because of his or her religious beliefs. Some religions include Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism etc. NY religions have suffered over the years because of controversy, which religion Is right? How do you know If there Is a God? Where is the proof? These are just some of the questions that are argued and people are segregated over. Some people blame religions and people of those religions for what history has done to the world. Its no secret that, after 9/1 1, a wave of anti-Muslim bigotry washed over the country. A number Muslims or people perceived to be Muslims have been violently assaulted; and scores of mosques and Muslim graffiti to arson and firebombing. (source- Heather L. Weaver, UCLA Program on Freedom of Religion and Belief). Ever since 9/11 Muslims in particular are suffering from todays discrimination against the allegations set against them for the bombing of the twin towers. There were many theories as to why Hitler despised the Jews, however we will never know. It is not know the exact death toll of how many people were killed, during World War 2. But the estimate is around 11 million people. 6 million Jews and 5 million people who were of a different race, different religion, handicapped, gypsies and homosexuals. ( From Chapter 1 in R. J. Rumen, Demoded: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, 1993). In the town of Macomb there was also religious discrimination. In Chapter 5, a wagon of Fundamentalists harangue Miss Maude for growing flowers and not spending enough time reading her Bible The foot-washers thought that she spent too much time outdoors and not enough inside the house reading the Bible Some of me came out of the woods one Saturday and passed by this place and told me and my flowers we were going to burn in hell? Thing is, foot-washers think women are a sin by definition. They take the Bible eternally, you know'(chapter 5 To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee). Discrimination takes on many forms in this particular case religious discrimination. Where you go there will always be segregation against religions. Racial discrimination or racism is discriminatory or abusive behavior towards members of another race. All people from all over the world no matter what their national, cultural or religious background have a right to feel safe, respected and part of the community in which they live. Since the early 1800 hundreds many African Americans were slaves and were the main subject of discrimination. People thought that they were an abomination, Gods mistake put on earth they were looked different, they were black and they were slaves. That is how segregation to the African Americans came to be. During the sasss African Americans put their foot down and had the courage to speak out and fight against racism. l have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with little white boys and girls. ? Martin Luther King Jar. , I Have A Dream In this quote martin is telling us about what he hopes will come true for his children in the future. That everyone will e equal and that his children we befriend white children. That racism will be abolished. As you grow older, youll see white men cheat the black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and dont you forget it whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, he is trash. ? Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird. The entire town seems to turn against Tactics and his children because he is defending Tom Robinson laming for a Niger, a black man accused of attack ing a white woman. The act that adults and children are attacking Scout and Gem with words and fists demonstrates how deeply rooted racism is in the town of Macomb. In this passage Tactics is telling scout about how there is no equality in society and the injustice of the African Americans in their time. The fact that people have the audacity to be racist continuously surprises me. Youd think after all these years racism would be that awareness wrong. So it Just goes to show that some people are capable of racial segregation and is unavoidable anywhere you go. Prejudice is spread out and you cannot escape it, it is all around you, and you would always be a victim of some kind of prejudice. That is why we should discuss discrimination in every area of our lives to find solutions to this problem. Racial, sexism and religious discrimination are Just some types of discrimination that occur during daily life. Discrimination education would be a good tool to make people more aware of the negative impact of discrimination on society. All people around the world should be made aware of the causes of discrimination. We should discuss discrimination in every area of our lives to find solutions to this problem.

Contingency Theories of Organizations Essays

Contingency Theories of Organizations Essays Contingency Theories of Organizations Essay Contingency Theories of Organizations Essay Part 2 Ob: What is the nucleus statement of eventuality theories of organisations? Discuss giving illustrations from at least one such theory. Measure the claims of this theory and measure its relevancy for organisations today. Organizations operate in many different environments and it is critical to measure how they influence their constructions. Effective and efficient organizing has become progressively of import in the modern universe characterized by rapid alterations. Eventuality attacks emphasize that in order for organisations to win they must follow a construction suitable for the environment in which they operate. There are many signifiers of eventuality theory. In general, eventuality theories are a category of behavioural theory that claim that there is no best manner to form a corporation and the organisational construction of the company. An organisational or leading manner that is effectual in some state of affairss may non be successful in others. Therefore, the best manner of forming the company, is contingent upon the internal and external state of affairs of the company. External environments influence organisations in a varied figure of ways. Critical external factors include, but are non limited to, the size of the organisation, labour markets, handiness and cost of capital, rivals, governmental Torahs and policies, managerial premises about employees, schemes, engineerings used, etc. The chief thoughts of eventuality theory are: * There is no cosmopolitan or one best manner to pull off * The design of organisations and its subsystems must fit with the environment * Effective organisations non merely have a proper fit with the environment but besides between its subsystems * The demands of an organisation are better satisfied when it is decently designed and the direction manner is appropriate both to the undertakings undertaken and the nature of the work group. Several eventuality attacks were developed at the same time in the late sixtiess. The outgrowth of the theory was the consequence of unfavorable judgments of the classical theories such as Weber s bureaucratism ( Weber, 1946 ) and Taylor s scientific direction ( Taylor, 1911 ) which had failed because they neglected that direction manner and organisational construction were influenced by assorted facets of the environment: the eventuality factors. The eventuality attack originated with the work of Joan Woodward ( 1958 ) , who declared that successful organisations in different industries with different engineerings were characterized by different organisational constructions. In this essay I will discourse three influential eventuality theories, those of Burns and Stalker ( 1961 ) , Lawrence and Lorsch ( 1967 ) and Fiedler ( 1967 ) . Tom Burns and Graham Stalker in their 1961 book, The Management of Innovation studied about 20 Scots and British electronics companies runing in progressively competitory and advanced technological markets. Their findings demonstrated that organisations runing in stable environments are really different from those which have to confront a changing and dynamic environment. The writers have discovered that differences in the manner houses approached alteration and invention related to the values and mission of the houses. Nathan birnbaums and Stalker classified the houses into 2 classs on the footing of their managerial constructions and patterns: mechanistic and organic. The writers found that mechanistic organisations, besides called bureaucratisms, are suited for comparatively stable environmental conditions. Such organisations are clearly programmed, purely controlled and hierarchically structured. Often they do non hold mission and vision statements, and alternatively depend on established regulations for counsel, mensurating success by the grade to which staff conforms to treat and process. Organizational undertakings are typically broken down into specialised activities. Persons are responsible for their specific maps in a comparative isolation from the overall organisational end. The organic organisations are more likely to be under unstable environmental conditions. Organic organisations are orientated towards consequences, have a level organisation construction alternatively of a hierarchy, and small construction in footings of procedure and regulations. They focus on consequences and employees receive positive wagess for originative and matter-of-fact parts. Given these conditions it becomes necessary to reexamine and redefine the duties, methods, inter-role relationships, and even ends on a continual footing. Nathan birnbaums and Stalker emphasized that each system is appropriate under its ain specific conditions. Neither system was superior to the other under all state of affairss. Since the 1960s much of Hagiographas in organisation theories field is a changeless argument between the machine/organ analogies, and efforts to develop growing theoretical accounts of how simple mechanistic signifiers can turn into the more complex organic signifiers. Another important survey to show the relationships between environmental features and effectual organisational constructions was conducted by Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch ( 1967 ) . They studied ten US houses in three separate industries ( plastics, nutrient, containers ) that confronted changing grades of uncertainness, complexness and alteration. The research workers found that successful houses in each industry had a different grade of distinction. The houses runing in unsure, complex, quickly altering environments had more extremely differentiated internal constructions: gross revenues, production and R A ; D sections. Such organisations require the greater demand for suited mechanisms for incorporating and deciding struggles between scopes of sections. Successful houses in more homogenous and stable environment were more formalistic and hierarchal in their signifiers. Writers concluded that successful houses must hold internal constructions every bit complex as environments in which they operate. This seminal work of Lawrence and Lorsch refined the eventuality theory by showing that different markets and technological environments require different sorts of organisations, and that fractional monetary units or functional sections within an organisation might be managed in different ways, due to fluctuations ensuing from their sub-environments. Their position is ecological those organisations that can outdo adapt to the environment will last. Managerial leading has influenced organisational activities in many ways. These influences include actuating subsidiaries, budgeting scarce resources, and functioning as a beginning of communicating. Contingency theories of leading argue that no individual leading manner is effectual in all fortunes, but the leading manners are contingent on the organisational and situational context. Fred Fiedler s theory ( 1967 ) is the earliest and most extensively researched is besides known as eventuality theoretical account of leading effectivity. Fiedler s thoughts originated from trait and behavioural theoretical accounts by saying that public presentation of the group is dependent on the leader s psychological orientation and on three contextual variables: group atmosphere, undertaking construction, and leader s power place. The eventuality theoretical account underlines the importance of both the leader s personality and the state of affairs in which that leader operates. The first major factor in Fiedler s theory is known as the leading manner. This is the consistent system of interaction that takes topographic point between a leader and work group. In order to sort leading manners, Fiedler has developed an index called the Least-Preferred Coworker ( LPC ) graduated table. To acquire an LPC mark a leader is asked to believe of colleagues with whom he/she has of all time worked and take the 1 with whom the work was the most hard. Then this individual is rated on a figure of eight-point bipolar graduated tables ( friendly/unfriendly, hostile/supportive, etc. ) . The responses to these graduated tables are summed and averaged: a high LPC mark suggests that the leader has a human dealingss orientation, while a low LPC mark indicates a undertaking orientation. The 2nd major factor in Fiedler s theory is known as situational favourableness or environmental variable. This fundamentally is defined as the grade a state of affairs enables a leader to exercise influence over a group. Fiedler so extends his analysis by concentrating on three cardinal situational factors, which are leader-member, task construction and place power. For leader-member dealingss, Fiedler maintains that the leader will hold more influence if they maintain good relationships with group members who like, regard, and swear them, than if they do non. Fiedler explains that undertaking construction is the 2nd most of import factor in finding structural favourableness. He contends that extremely structured undertakings, which specify how a occupation is to be done in item provide a leader with more influences over group actions than do unstructured undertakings. Finally, as for place power, leads who have the power to engage and fire, subject and wages, have more power than those who do non. For illustration, the caput of a section has more power than a file clerk. By sorting a group harmonizing to three variables, it is possible to place eight different group state of affairss or leading manner. These eight different possible combinations were so classified as either undertaking orientation or relationship orientated. Several deductions can be derived from Fiedler s findings. First, it is non accurate to talk of effectual and uneffective leaders. Fiedler goes on by proposing that there are merely leader who perform better in some state of affairss, but non all state of affairss. Second, about anyone can be a leader by carefully choosing those state of affairss that match his or her leading manner. Last, the effectivity of a leader can be improved by planing the occupation to suit the director. For case, by increasing or diminishing a leader s place power, altering the construction of a undertaking, or act uponing leader-member dealingss, an organisation can change a state of affairs to better suit a leader s manner. The undermentioned facets can be considered as strengths of Fiedler s theory: it is prognostic and supported by a batch of empirical research, it does non necessitate that people be effectual in all state of affairss and provides a manner to measure leader manner that could be utile to an organisation. However among its failings are the fact that it is cumbrous to utilize, it does nt explicate what to make when there is a mismatch between manner and state of affairs and it does nt take into history situational variables, like preparation and experience, which besides have an impact in a leader s effectivity. Finally, there is some uncertainty whether the LPC is a true step of leading manner. In drumhead, the kernel of eventuality theory is that best patterns depend on the eventualities of the state of affairs. Contingency theory is frequently called the aˆ?it all dependsaˆ? theory, because when a eventuality theoretician is being asked for an reply, the typical response will be that it all depends. While this may sound simplistic, measuring the eventualities on which determinations depend can be a really complex. Eventuality theoreticians try to place and mensurate the conditions under which things will probably happen. Sing that organisations should achieve both external and internal tantrum to accomplish superior public presentation, at the same clip, the procedures of scheme preparation and execution are non dissociable activities ; there is a demand for an integrative attack that incorporates both schools of idea. The appropriate direction manner and organisational construction depend on the environmental context of the organisation concerned. The ability to pull off alteration is now recognized as a nucleus organisational competency. Mentions: 1. Fineman, S. , Sims, D. A ; Gabriel, Y. ( 2005 ) Forming and organisations, London, Sage. 2. Smith, M. J. ( 1984 ) . Eventuality regulations theory, context, and conformity behaviours. Human Communication Research, 10, 489-512. 3. Burns, T. , Stalker, M. ( 1961 ) . The Management of Innovation, 3rd Edition, 1994, Oxford University Press 4. Lawrence, P. R. , Lorsch, J. W. ( 1967 ) . Organization and Environment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 5. Fiedler, F. E. ( 1964 ) . A Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness. Progresss in Experimental Social Psychology ( Vol.1 ) . 149-190. New York: Academic Press. Burnes, B. ( 1996 ) , No such thing as aˆÂ ¦ a aˆ?one best wayaˆ? to pull off organisational alteration. Management determination, Vol. 34, Issue 10, pp. 10-18

HR practice and consultance Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

HR practice and consultance - Term Paper Example The study will be based upon the consultancy process of the HRM. It will evaluate the ‘gaining entry to the organisation’ and other aspects in the hiring process. Different kinds of approaches of the consultancy process will be evaluated and discussed which will best suit the organisation. Overview Consultancy Process Human resource professional’s most important task is related to hiring of the employees along with other job responsibilities. In the HR process, finding the right candidate or qualified applicant for a particular job, filling the vacancy, upgrading the positions, creating new job, promoting employees and other necessary activities are the vital parts for the selection of the right applicant (University of Virginia, 2010). In order to get a clear understanding about the consultancy process, it would be better to take up a particular organisation. For this purpose the UK based multinational company, BP Plc, has been considered. It is a multi-national organisation that operates in the oil, gas and energy industry globally. There are thirty strategic performing units and other specialist support functioning departments. There are problems faced by the BP Plc such as shortage of professionals in the energy sector. Without appropriate number of personnel in this sector, it will be hard to uplift the future. Skilful and expert personnel are required. This gap can be bridged with the appropriate consultancy process that will assist in providing framework for the entry to the organisation (BP PLC, 2010). Entry to the Organisation The entry to the organisation is the initial phase in any consulting process. During this phase the interaction between the applicant and the HR manager takes place, where the HR tries to acquire knowledge about the applicant as much as possible. The outcomes of the consulting, discussion, and the planning phase are then presented in the consulting contract. The signature of the applicant with the HR manager c oncludes the initial phase (Kubr, M & International Labour Office, 2002). In the phase of distinctive consulting intervention, the client and consultant execute a set of activities that are necessary for the achievement of desired changes and purposes. The activities that are involved are generally known as the ‘consulting processes’. The process is well defined and has clear beginning and end which assist in relationship building. Between the initial phase and the end phase, there are several phases that aid both the client and the consultant to be methodical and systematic, from operations to operations proceeding from one phase to another (BSC, 2002). Processes or Phases of the Consultancy Process There are various phases or ways of subdividing the consultancy process that are found generally in different kind of literatures by various authors. There are many instigators who have provided several phases in the process that range from three to ten. For the BP Plc, whi ch is an organisation belonging to the energy sector; a simple five-phase model would be suitable that consists of the â€Å"comprising entry, diagnosis, action planning, implementation and termination†